Diesel injini dzine 8 maficha, zvakanakira uye mabhenefiti

Muna 1892, mugadziri weGerman Rudolf Diesel (Rudolf Diesel) akagadzira injini yeDiesel kusvika nhasi yave makore anopfuura zana nemakumi maviri apfuura, injini yeDiesel inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemakina, maitiro, mabhenefiti, mabhenefiti einjini yeDiesel chii chinoita. unoziva?

1. Mabhenefiti einjini dzedhiziri yakakura yekuburitsa torque, yakakwira yekupisa yekupisa uye yakanaka hupfumi hwemafuta.
2. Diesel injini uye peturu injini zvakafanana, kutenderera kwega kwega kwekushanda kunopindawo kuburikidza nekudya, kudzvanywa, simba, kupera mana sitiroko.
3. Asi nekuti mafuta edhiziri idhiziri, viscosity yawo yakakura kupfuura peturu, haisi nyore kubuda, nzvimbo yekubatidza yakaderera pane peturu, musanganiswa uri mucylinder yeinjini yedhiziri ndeye compression ignition, saka injini yedhiziri haidi kupisa. system.
4. Kana injini yedhiziri ichishanda, mhepo inosvetwa muhumburumbira.Kana mhepo iri mucylinder ikamanikidzwa kusvika kumagumo, tembiricha inogona kusvika 500-700 ℃ uye kumanikidza kunogona kusvika 40-50 atmospheres.Kana pisitoni iri padhuze nepamusoro penzvimbo yakafa, jekiseni reoiri rekupa system rinopinza mafuta mukamuri rinopisa humburumbira pakumanikidza kwakanyanya munguva pfupi pfupi.Mafuta edhiziri anoumba zvidimbu zvemafuta akanaka, izvo zvinosanganiswa nemhepo yekumanikidza uye kupisa kwakanyanya.Musanganiswa unopisa unopisa wega, uye simba rinoputika rinogadzirwa nekuwedzera kwechisimba, izvo zvinosundira piston kuita basa pasi.Kumanikidza kunogona kusvika ku60-100 atmospheres, saka injini yedhiziri inogadzira torque yakawanda.
5. Nekuda kwekushanda kwakanyanya kweinjini yedhiziri, mativi akakodzera anodiwa kuti ave nesimba repamusoro uye kuoma, saka huwandu hweinjini yedhiziri hwakakura;Iko kugadzira chaiko kwepombi jekiseni remafuta uye nozzle yeinjini yedhiziri yakakwirira.
6. Mukuwedzera, injini yedhiziri inoshanda yakaoma, ruzha rwekudengenyeka;Diesel mafuta haisi nyore kunyungudika uye kutonhora kunotanga pane yakaderera tembiricha yakaoma kupfuura peturu injini.Uye zvakare, injini yedhiziri ine yakaderera simba index pane peturu injini (yakaderera kumhanya), uye yakawanda soot uye particle (PM) emissions kupfuura peturu injini.Nekuda kwehunhu huri pamusoro apa, yekutanga injini yedhiziri inowanzo shandiswa murori hombe uye yepakati nepakati uye zvine chekuita neinjiniya mota nemidziyo.
7. Nekuvandudzwa kweinjini yedhiziri tekinoroji, akati wandei matekinoroji, senge jekiseni rakananga, turbocharged uye kutonhora-yakatonhorera, magetsi ekudzora, yakajairika njanji tekinoroji yekushandisa muinjini yedhiziri, inoita kuti pakutanga kusakosha kweinjini yedhiziri kwakagadziriswa zvirinani, uye iyo mukana mukuchengetedza simba uye CO2 kuburitswa kweinjini yedhiziri, zvese, kusanganisira peturu injini, injini yekupisa haigone kutsiva.
8. Nhasi, injini yedhiziri yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumarori, mapikicha, SUV, vanochera, forklifts, jenareta, muchina webindu, michina yekurima uye mimwe minda yakawanda.